Japan’s rich tapestry of history is colored by various elements of culture, and one of the threads that have been woven through the centuries is the tradition of “nanshoku,” or male-male love. Nanshoku, which can be translated literally as “male colors,” has played a significant role in Japanese cultural and social structures from as early as the Heian period (794-1185).
Origins and Literary Presence: The earliest recorded instances of nanshoku can be traced back to the writings of the Heian period. The “Tale of Genji,” considered the world’s first novel, written by Murasaki Shikibu in the early 11th century, contains subtle references to male love, indicating that such relationships were part of the court life.
Samurai and Monastic Bonds: During the feudal era, nanshoku took on a more formalized role within the samurai class. It was often expressed in the form of “shudo,” a term referring to the institutionalized bond between a samurai and a younger male apprentice. This relationship combined elements of mentorship, martial training, and erotic companionship. Similarly, nanshoku was also prevalent in Buddhist monasteries, serving as a way for monks to express their affection while adhering to their vows of celibacy, which precluded relationships with women.
Edo Period and Kabuki Theater: The Edo period (1603-1868) witnessed a burgeoning of nanshoku, especially within the realms of the kabuki theater. Male actors, particularly the “onnagata” who specialized in playing female roles, often became the objects of affection for both their male patrons and admirers. Ukiyo-e, the famous woodblock prints from this period, frequently depicted scenes of nanshoku, revealing its integration into the popular culture.
Modern Perspectives: The Meiji Restoration (1868) marked a significant shift in attitudes towards nanshoku. Influenced by Western norms and the desire to modernize, the Japanese government began to view nanshoku through a less tolerant lens. Despite these changes, nanshoku has left an indelible mark on Japanese arts and literature.
Legacy and Contemporary Context: Today, the legacy of nanshoku can be observed in Japan’s contemporary culture, especially in the genre of Boys’ Love (BL) manga and anime. While the socio-legal landscape has evolved, the concept of male-male love still resonates, continuing to influence modern expressions of gender and sexuality in Japan.
Nanshoku is not just a historical phenomenon; it is a narrative that has shaped perceptions, art, and the understanding of love and companionship in Japan. As society progresses, the reflections on this aspect of Japan’s gay history provide insight into the complexities of human relationships and the enduring nature of affection across time.
I’m Ken from Toronto, Canada, and I currently work as an English teacher in Japan. Fascinated by Japanese literature and history, I was drawn to live here to immerse myself further in the culture. I’m actively engaged in the Japanese gay community and have a particular interest in the unique culture of “urisen” bars. Living in Japan has allowed me to act as a bridge between cultures while continuing to grow personally.
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